The formation of new blood vessels is often insufficient to provide adequate oxygen to the synovium, leading to a decrease in local microenvironmental oxygen tension and the formation of a hypoxic synovial microenvironment, which in turn affects angiogenesis, inflammatory responses, matrix degradation, cartilage erosion, energy metabolism disorders, and oxidative stress (126, 127)
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are generally measured when testing blood cholesterol levels
Gradual weight loss, adequate protein intake, sun protection, and maintaining hydration may help support skin health during treatment
The body cannot produce B12 itself and relies on dietary intake, primarily from meat, fish, eggs and dairy
The best available data comparing metabolic rate changes during rapid weight loss is a longitudinal study with participants of The Biggest Loser competition [73]