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(2023a, March 24)

Toll-like receptor-4 mediates cigarette smoke-induced cytokine production by human macrophages

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A large array of pack sizes and stick dimensions makes comparing price per cigarette or gram across products very difficult for consumers 26 Providing products in small sizes allows tobacco companies to preserve profits: products with a low upfront purchase cost helps people who smoke continue to afford tobacco rather than quit, and these products typically have a greater return per stick than products in a similar price segment but in a larger pack size

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