Higher Incidence May Be Partially Related to Lack of Filtering Three-quarters of the marijuana smokers had emphysema, a lung disease that causes difficulty with breathing, compared with 67% of the tobacco-only smokers
this is echoed by previous reviews on the value and role of e-cigarettes (Morris et al., Reference Morris, Ference, Jahangir, Feldman, Ryan and Bahrami2015)
Parental smoking correlates with a small but significant increase in mutations passed to children
The same rules usually apply to all tobacco products: cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigars and shisha
This resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in aortic stiffness, a 24% lower maximal aortic relaxation in response to methacholine and a trend towards a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction.97 Nonetheless, in humans, it seems that electronic cigarettes could be less harmful than standard cigarettes, as hypertensive patients who switched to electronic cigarettes benefited from a reduction in mean arterial blood pressure and improved pressure control.98 It should be emphasised that most of the data on the cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes are derived from preclinical, cross-sectional or small-sized clinical studies in which standard cigarettes were used as a comparison arm, thus providing limiting and conflicting results
